Hydraulics glossary

Term	Definition
axial piston motor	Axial piston motors come in swash plate, bent axis, and wobble plate constructions and are designed for the medium and high pressure ranges.
axial piston pump	Axial piston pumps come in swash plate, bent axis, and wobble plate constructions and are designed for the medium and high pressure ranges.
ball seat valve	Ball seat valves use a non-guided ball as a seating element. These valves are used in hydraulics and pneumatics.
Bosch-Rexroth	Bosch-Rexroth is one of the leading global specialists in propulsion and steering technology. The company, with its well-known individual brands, such as Brueninghaus and Hydromatik, is a technology leader.
Brueninghaus	The steelworks division of Brueninghaus became the independent Brueninghaus Hydraulik GmbH in 1969. In 1975 Mannesmann AG took over the company and incorporated it into the Rexroth Group. In 1994 there was a merger with Brueninghaus Hydromatik GmbH. In 2001 the company, along with Rexroth, was taken over by Robert Bosch GmbH. In 2010 it merged into Bosch Rexroth AG.
Bucher	Bucher Hydraulics develops and produces propulsion and steering technology in the mobile and industrial hydraulics sector. It has taken over, among others, the Italian company "Hidroirma" (1994), "Beringer Hydraulik" in Neuheim, Switzerland (1996), "Hydrotechnik" in Frutigen, Switzerland, "Dingkind" in Taiwan (1997), "Truninger AG" in Solothurn, Switzerland (2000), "Monarch Hydraulics" in the USA (2007), and "Command Controls" (2008), also in the USA.
Caterpillar	Caterpillar Inc. is the largest manufacturer of construction machinery in the world and has its headquarters in Peoria, Illinois (USA)
check valve	The function of a check valve is to determine the direction of the flow of the hydraulic fluid within a pipe and automatically block the passage of the fluid in a flow direction.
check-Q-meter	The check-Q-meter or lowering break valve is used in hydraulic systems as a counter pressure valve to prevent hydraulic motors and cylinders from running at a higher speed. It also fulfils a blocking function as pipe rupture protection.
closed hydraulic circuit	The hydraulic oil stays in the working lines and continuously flows from the hydraulic pump to the consumer load and back again. Internal leaks that develop are filled in again by a supply pressure pump.
Construction machinery	Construction machinery uses hydraulics for all working functions such as lifting, gripping etc., as well as for the travel drive.
Daikin	Daikin Industries, Ltd. (jap. ダイキン工業株式会社, Daikin Kōgyō Kabushiki-gaisha) is a Japanese company based in Ōsaka, that is listed in the Nikkei 225 stock index among others.
differential pressure	Describes the difference between the input and output pressures measures under certain conditions
directional valve	In hydraulics, the function of directional valves is to block or unblock the passage of hydraulic fluids, or to change the through flow direction.
displacement volume	The volume of liquid in cm³ in a pump or motor displaced by the upward stroke or other cycle during a rotation of the drive shaft.
drive torque	The torque that affects the input shaft of a working machine or a torque converter. For the driving engine or torque converter, it is the output torque.
Eaton	The Eaton Corporation is a US American industrial company based in Cleveland, Ohio that operates on a global level. Eaton develops and distributes components and systems for mobile and industrial hydraulics, electrical systems and energy distribution, vehicle and aircraft components.
fixed displacement motor	Fixed displacement motors displace the same volume with each rotation.
fixed displacement pump	Fixed displacement pumps displace the same volume with each rotation.
gear pump	The oil volume enclosed in the gap between teeth is conveyed from the intake to the discharge side of the pump by the turning of the gear, displaced to the contact point of the wheel and forced into the pressure connection.
geometr. displacement volume	The geometr. displacement volume is usually somewhat smaller than the displacement volume given in cm³.
Hägglunds	Hägglunds Drives (now part of the Bosch-Rexroth Group) in Mellansel, Sweden, exports its hydraulic motors all over the world.
Hawe	HAWE Hydraulik SE is a company that manufactures hydraulic components and system in which all pressurised components are made of steel. The company was founded in 1949 in Munich by Karl Heilmeier and Wilhelm Weinlein.
Hawe InLine	In 1999 Hawe took over InLine Hydraulik GmbH to produce axial piston variable pumps.
Hydac	HYDAC International GmbH is a manufacturer of hydraulic components and complete systems based in Sulzbach in the Saar.
hydraulic	The use of liquids to transmit force and energy.
hydraulic accumulator	Hydraulic oil is pressed under pressure in a pressure tank filled with nitrogen. The hydraulic oil compromises the nitrogen and later on is available in the system as stored energy.
Hydraulic cylinder	Converts the energy from the hydraulic fluid into a simple linear force.
hydraulic filter	A prerequisite for smooth operation in a hydraulics system is the filtration of the hydraulic liquid through hydraulic filters. Hydraulic filters remove impurities that are present on moving parts due to wear, in the hydraulic oil due to ageing residues, and in the area surrounding the hydraulic system due to dirt particles.
hydraulic hose	A maximum period of use of 6 years including a storage period of at most 2 years is generally recommended by the trade association for hydraulic hoses (BGR237).
hydraulic motor	Hydraulic motors or hydromotors convert the energy generated by hydraulic pumps back into mechanical work. Many pumps can be used as hydromotors as well without changes to the construction.
hydraulic pump	Hydraulic pumps convert mechanical energy into hydraulic energy (or vice versa). As a rule, the pump draws the pressurised fluid from a storage tank and conveys it to the pump outlet. From here, it is conducted via valves to cylinders or hydromotors (load consumers) and back to the storage tank.
hydraulic valve	To control and regulate hydraulic processes.
hydraulics oils	The pressurised fluids used in hydraulic systems must fulfil different functions: pressure transmission, corrosion protection, lubrication, dust removal etc.
Hydromatik	With the acquisition of Hydromatik GmbH, Elchingen, a manufacturer of axial piston pumps and motors, Hydromatik became a Bosch Rexroth brand in 1972.
industrial hydraulic	Industrial hydraulics or stationary hydraulics are permanently installed in one place. These include presses, rolling machines, machine tools, and other stationary machines.
Intermediate plate pressure valve	Intermediate plate pressure valves are mounted between the directional valve and the hydraulic unit. They differ from normal valves only in the way they are mounted.
Kawasaki	Kawasaki is a leading manufacturer of hydraulic systems and components. With more than 90 years of experience in the hydraulics industry. Kawasaki manufacturers a wide variety of hydraulic products for mobile, industrial, marine, mining, and various other applications.
Komatsu	Komatsu Ltd. (jap. 株式会社小松製作所, Kabushiki-gaisha Komatsu Seisakusho), listed in the Nikkei 225 stock index, is a Japanese industrial group based in Tokyo that was founded on the 13th May 1921. Worldwide, 185 companies and 25 factories belong to the Komatsu Group. Komatsu is the second largest manufacturer of construction machinery in the world.
Leistritz	The Leistritz group of companies, which is based in Nürnberghat, has gained the status of technology leader in a variety of special applications in the automobile industry, power plant technology, ship building, and the aviation industry.
Liebherr	The Liebherr group of companies is a manufacturer of cranes, construction vehicles, hydraulics, aviation equipment, transport technology, machine tools and domestic appliances originally based in Kirchdorf an der Iller in Baden-Württemberg. Even today it is still completely family-owned.
Linde	The production programme of Linde Hydraulik includes hydraulic pumps and motors, electronic controls, directional valves, rotary drives, peripheral equipment, electric motors, as well as hydro and electric axles.
Lohmann & Stolterfoht	Lohmann & Stolterfoht GmbH, which was based in Witten, was an industrial company and manufacturer of transmission and coupling technology. Since the 1st quarter of 2009, the name Lohmann & Stolterfoht has been removed from the trade register. Since then, the plant has been trading as part of the Bosch Rexroth AG (Bosch Group).
Mannesmann Rexroth	Bosch Rexroth AG came into being on the 1st May 2001 through the merger of Mannesmann Rexroth AG with the automation technology division of Robert Bosch GmbH. Today it is a 100% daughter company of Robert Bosch GmbH. The company, with its well-known individual brands, a global technology leader.
mechanical hydraulic efficiency	Mechanical hydraulic efficiency is the term for how large the proportion of pressure applied is, and describes the loss in hydraulic input / output, which are essentially caused by friction forces and flow losses.
Meiller	F.X. Meiller GmbH & Co KG has been a Munich-based family company and manufacturer of tipper bodies since 1850. The Meiller group’s production and supply programme includes Meiller hydraulics as well as tippers.
mobile hydraulic	Mobile hydraulics can move. For example, construction machines like excavators or wheel loaders.
Moog	Moog GmbH is a globally represented company in the high-performance drive systems, high precision control systems, and hydraulics sectors.
oilgear axial piston pump	Oilgear axial piston pumps were developed for long service life, low energy consumption, and compact design. These axial piston pumps are well-known as reliable drives for machine and plant construction.
open hydraulic circuit	The hydraulic oil is drawn out of a storage tank by the hydraulic pump and conducted to the load consumer e.g. via valves. From the load consumer, the hydraulic oil flows back to the storage container.
Orsta	VEB Kombinat ORSTA-Hydraulik Leipzig was founded in 1957 and closed down in 1994.
overall efficiency	The overall efficiency of a hydraulic system is the product of the volumetric and the hydraulic mechanical efficiencies.
Parker	Parker-Hannifin Corporation (originally Parker Appliance Company) is a machine construction company from the United States. The company is listed in the S&P 500. The company’s headquarters are in Cleveland, Ohio.
Pleiger	In 1925, Paul Pleiger founded a machinery factory in Sprockhöfel. Since 1958, the Pleiger Group has been developing and manufacturing hydraulic components such as radial piston motors and swivel drives.
Poclain	In 1988, Case took over the French excavator manufacturer Poclain. In 1999 Fiat then took over Case and merged this company with the previously taken over provider New Holland to form “Case New Holland”, CNH Global for short.
Racine	Racine Hydraulics, a company founded in 1958 in Detroit, USA, and also known as Racine Seco Sales Corporation, was taken over in 1997 by Bosch Rexroth.
Rexroth	In 1795, Georg Ludwig Rexroth bought the “Höllenhammer”, a water-driven forge in Elsavatal, and produced ironware for crafts and agriculture. After moving to Lohr, this developed into a global hydraulics company, which has been absorbed into the modern Bosch Rexroth.
Rollstar	Rollstar was the first provider to manufacture both of hydraulic motors and planetary gears in 1968. This is where the term hydro gear motor comes from.
Staffa	Staffa motors are used all over the world in industrial, mobile, and marine hydraulics. The radial piston motors HMB and HMC are used, among other things, in tunnelling, mixing chemical or nuclear material, plastic injection moulding, and for nautical / hydraulic winches. Today, Staffe belongs to the Kawasaki company.
stop valve	A shut-off valve / stop valve is used to open and close pipelines in a controlled manner. It regulates the inlet, through flow, or outlet of fluids (e.g. hydraulic oil).
Ultra	The company Ultra was taken over by Parker Hannifin and no longer exists.
variable motor	With variable motors, the displacement volume can be adjusted.
variable pump	With variable pumps, the displacement volume can be changed during operation.
Vickers	Vickers Limited was an important British mechanical engineering and defence group founded in 1828. In 2004, BAE Systems acquired the Alvis group and incorporated Alvis Vickers into its military division, BAE Land Systems.
Voac	VOAC high-performance piston pumps and motors are part of the Parker product line. Marketed under Volvo and Voac, they are still manufactured in Sweden in the former Volvo hydraulics factory.
Voith	Voith GmbH, which is based in Heidenheim an der Brenz, Baden-Württemberg, is a German family company in the mechanical engineering industry. Voith GmbH is divided into four group divisions: Voith Paper, Voith Hydro, Voith Turbo, and Voith Industrial Services.
volume flow rate	Volume flow rate is the volume of hydraulic liquid that moves through a cross section within a period of time.
volumetric efficiency	Volumetric efficiency describes the ratio of the effective volume flow rate to the theoretical volume flow rate on the basis of the displacement kinematics and rotation speed.
von Roll	Von Roll Holding AG is a Swiss industrial group operating on a global level, which now specialises in products to generate, transmit, and distribute energy.
Wepuko	Wepuko Pahnke GmbH, a pump and compressor factory in Metzingen, is known for its three-piston pumps and axial piston pumps, especially in the high pressure range up to 1500 bar. These are often used in presses, pressing plants, and press drives in industrial sectors.

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